Linux网络状态工具ss命令使用详解
ss命令用于显示socket状态. 他可以显示PACKET sockets, TCP sockets, UDP sockets, DCCP sockets, RAW sockets, Unix domain sockets等等统计. 它比其他工具展示等多tcp和state信息. 它是一个非常实用、快速、有效的跟踪IP连接和sockets的新工具.SS命令可以提供如下信息：
- 所有的TCP sockets
- 所有的UDP sockets
- 所有ssh/ftp/ttp/https持久连接
- 所有连接到Xserver的本地进程
- 使用state（例如：connected, synchronized, SYN-RECV, SYN-SENT,TIME-WAIT）、地址、端口过滤
- 所有的state FIN-WAIT-1 tcpsocket连接以及更多
很多流行的Linux发行版都支持ss以及很多监控工具使用ss命令.熟悉这个工具有助于您更好的发现与解决系统性能问题.本人强烈建议使用ss命令替代netstat部分命令,例如netsat -ant/lnt等.
展示他之前来做个对比,统计服务器并发连接数
netstat # time netstat -ant | grep EST | wc -l 3100 real 0m12.960s user 0m0.334s sys 0m12.561s # time ss -o state established | wc -l 3204 real 0m0.030s user 0m0.005s sys 0m0.026s
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 | netstat # time netstat -ant | grep EST | wc -l 3100 real 0m12.960s user 0m0.334s sys 0m12.561s # time ss -o state established | wc -l 3204 real 0m0.030s user 0m0.005s sys 0m0.026s |
结果很明显ss统计并发连接数效率完败netstat,在ss能搞定的情况下, 你还会在选择netstat吗, 还在犹豫吗, 看以下例子,或者跳转到帮助页面.
常用ss命令：
ss -l 显示本地打开的所有端口 ss -pl 显示每个进程具体打开的socket ss -t -a 显示所有tcp socket ss -u -a 显示所有的UDP Socekt ss -o state established ‘( dport = :smtp or sport = :smtp )’ 显示所有已建立的SMTP连接 ss -o state established ‘( dport = :http or sport = :http )’ 显示所有已建立的HTTP连接 ss -x src /tmp/.X11-unix/* 找出所有连接X服务器的进程 ss -s 列出当前socket详细信息:
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 | ss – l 显示本地打开的所有端口 ss – pl 显示每个进程具体打开的 socket ss – t – a 显示所有 tcp socket ss – u – a 显示所有的 UDP Socekt ss – o state established ‘( dport = :smtp or sport = :smtp )’ 显示所有已建立的 SMTP连接 ss – o state established ‘( dport = :http or sport = :http )’ 显示所有已建立的 HTTP连接 ss – x src / tmp / . X11 – unix / * 找出所有连接 X服务器的进程 ss – s 列出当前 socket详细信息 : |
显示sockets简要信息
列出当前已经连接，关闭，等待的tcp连接
# ss -s Total: 3519 (kernel 3691) TCP: 26557 (estab 3163, closed 23182, orphaned 194, synrecv 0, timewait 23182/0), ports 1452 Transport Total IP IPv6 * 3691 – – RAW 2 2 0 UDP 10 7 3 TCP 3375 3368 7 INET 3387 3377 10 FRAG 0 0 0
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 | # ss -s Total : 3519 ( kernel 3691 ) TCP : 26557 ( estab 3163 , closed 23182 , orphaned 194 , synrecv 0 , timewait 23182 / 0 ) , ports 1452 Transport Total IP IPv6 * 3691 – – RAW 2 2 0 UDP 10 7 3 TCP 3375 3368 7 INET 3387 3377 10 FRAG 0 0 0 |
列出当前监听端口
# ss -l Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port 0 10 :::5989 :::* 0 5 *:rsync *:* 0 128 :::sunrpc :::* 0 128 *:sunrpc *:* 0 511 *:http *:* 0 128 :::ssh :::* 0 128 *:ssh *:* 0 128 :::35766 :::* 0 128 127.0.0.1:ipp *:* 0 128 ::1:ipp :::* 0 100 ::1:smtp :::* 0 100 127.0.0.1:smtp *:* 0 511 *:https *:* 0 100 :::1311 :::* 0 5 *:5666 *:* 0 128 *:3044 *:*
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 | # ss -l Recv – Q Send – Q Local Address : Port Peer Address : Port 0 10 :: : 5989 :: : * 0 5 * : rsync * : * 0 128 :: : sunrpc :: : * 0 128 * : sunrpc * : * 0 511 * : http * : * 0 128 :: : ssh :: : * 0 128 * : ssh * : * 0 128 :: : 35766 :: : * 0 128 127.0.0.1 : ipp * : * 0 128 :: 1 : ipp :: : * 0 100 :: 1 : smtp :: : * 0 100 127.0.0.1 : smtp * : * 0 511 * : https * : * 0 100 :: : 1311 :: : * 0 5 * : 5666 * : * 0 128 * : 3044 * : * |
ss列出每个进程名及其监听的端口
# ss -pl
| 1 | # ss -pl |
ss列所有的tcp sockets
# ss -t -a
| 1 | # ss -t -a |
ss列出所有udp sockets
# ss -u -a
| 1 | # ss -u -a |
ss列出所有http连接中的连接
# ss -o state established ‘( dport = :http or sport = :http )’
| 1 | # ss -o state established ‘( dport = :http or sport = :http )’ |
·以上包含对外提供的80，以及访问外部的80
·用以上命令完美的替代netstat获取http并发连接数，监控中常用到
ss列出本地哪个进程连接到x server
# ss -x src /tmp/.X11-unix/*
| 1 | # ss -x src /tmp/.X11-unix/* |
ss列出处在FIN-WAIT-1状态的http、https连接
# ss -o state fin-wait-1 ‘( sport = :http or sport = :https )’
| 1 | # ss -o state fin-wait-1 ‘( sport = :http or sport = :https )’ |
ss常用的state状态：
established syn-sent syn-recv fin-wait-1 fin-wait-2 time-wait closed close-wait last-ack listen closing all : All of the above states connected : All the states except for listen and closed synchronized : All the connected states except for syn-sent bucket : Show states, which are maintained as minisockets, i.e. time-wait and syn-recv. big : Opposite to bucket state.
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 | established syn – sent syn – recv fin – wait – 1 fin – wait – 2 time – wait closed close – wait last – ack listen closing all : All of the above states connected : All the states except for listen and closed synchronized : All the connected states except for syn – sent bucket : Show states , which are maintained as minisockets , i . e . time – wait and syn – recv . big : Opposite to bucket state . |
ss使用IP地址筛选
ss src ADDRESS_PATTERN src：表示来源 ADDRESS_PATTERN：表示地址规则 如下： ss src 120.33.31.1 # 列出来之20.33.31.1的连接 ＃ 列出来至120.33.31.1,80端口的连接 ss src 120.33.31.1:http ss src 120.33.31.1:80
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 | ss src ADDRESS_PATTERN src：表示来源 ADDRESS _PATTERN：表示地址规则 如下： ss src 120.33.31.1 # 列出来之20.33.31.1的连接 ＃ 列出来至 120.33.31.1 , 80端口的连接 ss src 120.33.31.1 : http ss src 120.33.31.1 : 80 |
ss使用端口筛选
ss dport OP PORT OP:是运算符 PORT：表示端口 dport：表示过滤目标端口、相反的有sport
| 1 2 3 4 | ss dport OP PORT OP :是运算符 PORT：表示端口 dport：表示过滤目标端口、相反的有 sport |
OP运算符如下：
<= or le : 小于等于 >= or ge : 大于等于 == or eq : 等于 != or ne : 不等于端口 < or lt : 小于这个端口 > or gt : 大于端口
| 1 2 3 4 | <= or le : 小于等于 >= or ge : 大于等于 == or eq : 等于 != or ne : 不等于端口 < or lt : 小于这个端口 > or gt : 大于端口 |
OP实例
ss sport = :http 也可以是 ss sport = :80 ss dport = :http ss dport \> :1024 ss sport \> :1024 ss sport \< :32000 ss sport eq :22 ss dport != :22 ss state connected sport = :http ss \( sport = :http or sport = :https \) ss -o state fin-wait-1 \( sport = :http or sport = :https \) dst 192.168.1/24
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 | ss sport = : http 也可以是 ss sport = : 80 ss dport = : http ss dport \ > : 1024 ss sport \ > : 1024 ss sport \ < : 32000 ss sport eq : 22 ss dport != : 22 ss state connected sport = : http ss \ ( sport = : http or sport = : https \ ) ss – o state fin – wait – 1 \ ( sport = : http or sport = : https \ ) dst 192.168.1 / 24 |
为什么ss比netstat快：
netstat是遍历/proc下面每个PID目录，ss直接读/proc/net下面的统计信息。所以ss执行的时候消耗资源以及消耗的时间都比netstat少很多
ss命令帮助
# ss -h Usage: ss [ OPTIONS ] ss [ OPTIONS ] [ FILTER ] -h, –help this message -V, –version output version information -n, –numeric don’t resolve service names -r, –resolve resolve host names -a, –all display all sockets -l, –listening display listening sockets -o, –options show timer information -e, –extended show detailed socket information -m, –memory show socket memory usage -p, –processes show process using socket -i, –info show internal TCP information -s, –summary show socket usage summary -4, –ipv4 display only IP version 4 sockets -6, –ipv6 display only IP version 6 sockets -0, –packet display PACKET sockets -t, –tcp display only TCP sockets -u, –udp display only UDP sockets -d, –dccp display only DCCP sockets -w, –raw display only RAW sockets -x, –unix display only Unix domain sockets -f, –family=FAMILY display sockets of type FAMILY -A, –query=QUERY, –socket=QUERY QUERY := {all|inet|tcp|udp|raw|unix|packet|netlink}[,QUERY] -D, –diag=FILE Dump raw information about TCP sockets to FILE -F, –filter=FILE read filter information from FILE FILTER := [ state TCP-STATE ] [ EXPRESSION ]
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 | # ss -h Usage : ss [ OPTIONS ] ss [ OPTIONS ] [ FILTER ] – h , — help this message – V , — version output version information – n , — numeric don‘ t resolve service names – r , — resolve resolve host names – a , — all display all sockets – l , — listening display listening sockets – o , — options show timer information – e , — extended show detailed socket information – m , — memory show socket memory usage – p , — processes show process using socket – i , — info show internal TCP information – s , — summary show socket usage summary – 4 , — ipv4 display only IP version 4 sockets – 6 , — ipv6 display only IP version 6 sockets – 0 , — packet display PACKET sockets – t , — tcp display only TCP sockets – u , — udp display only UDP sockets – d , — dccp display only DCCP sockets – w , — raw display only RAW sockets – x , — unix display only Unix domain sockets – f , — family = FAMILY display sockets of type FAMILY – A , — query = QUERY , — socket = QUERY QUERY : = { all | inet | tcp | udp | raw | unix | packet | netlink } [ , QUERY ] – D , — diag = FILE Dump raw information about TCP sockets to FILE – F , — filter = FILE read filter information from FILE FILTER : = [ state TCP – STATE ] [ EXPRESSION ] |
参考：http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-investigate-sockets-network-connections.html
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磊宇堂 » Linux网络状态工具ss命令使用详解
